SEMESTER II
PHYSICS-C III: THERMAL PHYSICS
(Credits: Theory-04) Theory: 60 Lectures
Mid Semester: 15 End Semester: 60 Full Marks: 75
Short Answer Type: 4 Marks (3 out of 5) & Long Answer Type: 12 Marks (4 out of 6)
Ideal gas:
Review of the kinetic model of an ideal gas; interpretation of temperature. Equipartition of energy; Specific heats of gases,
Real gas:
Van der Waals model; equation of state, critical constants. Transport Phenomena: Mean free path, transport of momentum (viscosity), of energy (thermal conduction) and matter (diffusion).
Joule-Thomson and adiabatic cooling:
Joule-Thomson expansion; Joule expansion of an ideal gas; cooling in J-T expansion, adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas, principles of regenerative and cascade cooling, liquefaction of gases.
The laws of thermodynamics:
Carnot engine and its efficiency, Carnot's theorem, the second law of thermodynamics. Entropy as a thermodynamic variable; reversible and irreversible processes. Principle of increase of entropy. Thermodynamic scale of temperature; its identity with perfect gas scale, impossibility of attaining the absolute zero (third law).
Thermodynamic relationships:
Maxwell's equations; application to Clausius-Clapeyron equation and Joule-Thomson effect. Thermodynamic potentials: Relation to thermodynamic variables;
Black body radiation:
Stefan-Boltzmann law, Wien's displacement law. Rayleigh-Jeans law, Planck's hypothesis, mean energy of an oscillator and Planck's law
Reference Books:
1. Heat and Thermodynamics, M.W. Zemansky, Richard Dittman, 1981, McGraw-Hill.
2. A Treatise on Heat, Meghnad Saha, and B.N.Srivastava, 1958, Indian Press
3. Thermal Physics, S. Garg, R. Bansal and Ghosh, 2nd Edition, 1993, Tata McGraw-Hill
4. Modern Thermodynamics with Statistical Mechanics, Carl S. Helrich, 2009, Springer.
5. Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory & Statistical Thermodynamics, Sears & Salinger. 1988, Narosa.
PHYSICS LAB- LAB C III
(2 Credits) FM: 25
1. To determine the Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity of Cu by Searle’s Apparatus.
2. To determine the Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity of a bad conductor by Lee’s disc method.
3. To determine the Temperature Coefficient of Resistance by Platinum Resistance Thermometer (PRT). 4. To study the variation of Thermo-Emf of a Thermocouple with Difference of Temperature of its Two Junctions.
5. To calibrate a thermocouple to measure temperature in a specified Range using (1) Null Method and to determine Neutral Temperature.
6. Determination of Stefan’s constant.
7. Verification of Planks radiation formulae.
PHYSICS-C IV: CURRNT ELECTRICITY
(Credits: Theory-04) Theory: 60 Lectures
Mid Semester: 15 End Semester: 60 Full Marks: 75
Short Answer Type:
4 Marks (3 out of 5) & Long Answer Type: 12 Marks (4 out of 6)
Magnetic Field:
Magnetic force between current elements and definition of Magnetic Field B. BiotSavart’s Law and its simple applications: straight wire and circular loop. Current Loop as a Magnetic Dipole and its Dipole Moment (Analogy with Electric Dipole). Ampere’s Circuital Law and its application to (1) Solenoid and (2) Toroid. Properties of B: curl and divergence. Vector Potential. Magnetic Force on (1) on point charge (2) on current carrying wire (3) between current elements.
DC circuits:
growth and decay of current in CR and LR circuits, Growth and decay of currents in Series LCR circuit.
AC Circuits:
AC Circuits: Kirchhoff’s laws for AC circuits. Complex Reactance and Impedance. Series LCR Circuit: (1) Resonance, (2) Power Dissipation and (3) Quality Factor, and (4) Band Width. Parallel LCR Circuit.
Ballistic Galvanometer:
Torque on a current Loop. Ballistic Galvanometer: Current and Charge Sensitivity. Logarithmic damping.
AC bridges; Anderson's, Owen's, Schering and Carey-Foster’s bridges with their vector diagrams.
Network theorems:
2-port network and its T and π representations, T and π equivalence, h- parameters representations, Thevenin, Nortion, Superposition, Reciprocity and Maximum power transfer theorems, Miller theorem.
Reference Books:
• Electricity, Tayal D. C.
• Electricity, Magnetism & Electromagnetic Theory, S. Mahajan and Choudhury, 2012, Tata McGraw
• Electricity and Magnetism, Edward M. Purcell, 1986 McGraw-Hill Education
• Electricity and Magnetism, Chattopadhyaya and Rakshit
• Electricity and Magnetism, Mahajan and Rangwala
• Electricity and Magnetism, K. K. Tewary.
PHYSICS LAB- LAB C IV (2 Credits) FM: 25
1. To verify the Thevenin and Norton theorems.
2. To verify the Superposition and Maximum power transfer theorems.
3. To determine self inductance of a coil by Anderson’s bridge.
4. To determine an unknown Low Resistance using Potentiometer.
5. To compare capacitances using De’Sauty’s bridge.
6. Determination of constants of a ballistic galvanometer.
7. Determination of figure of merit of a moving coil galvanometer
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